A mathematician whose theorems were fundamental to the development of quantum physics.
Emmy Noether (March 23, 1882 – April 14, 1935) was a German mathematician of Jewish descent, specializing in the theory of invariants and known for her contributions in the fields of theoretical physics and abstract algebra. Considered by David Hilbert, Albert Einstein, and other characters of the time, as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, she revolutionized ring theory, body theory and K-algebras theory. In physics, Noether's theorem explains the fundamental connection between symmetry in physics and conservation laws. Despite this, she was denied the possibility of a decent position in her college because she was a woman.
She decided to study Mathematics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, where her father taught Mathematics.
Being one of only two female students at a university with 986 students enrolled, Noether was allowed to attend some classes and listen in, previously having to get the mandatory permission of each of the teachers whose classes she wished to attend. Despite the obstacles, on July 14th, 1903, she passed the graduation exam. She studied a semester at the University of Gothenburg, a great center of world-famous mathematics at the time.
Although she was supported by Hilbert, she ran into many problems being accepted as a teacher in Gothenburg; in fact, during the early years she received no pay. Her family paid for accommodation and support, thus subsidizing her academic work. Her classes were often advertised under Hilbert's name and she was considered a "helper".
In the early 1930s, Germany's Nazi government expelled Jews in college positions, and Noether had to emigrate to the United States to take up a place at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania. In 1935 she underwent an ovarian cyst operation and, despite signs of recovery, died four days later, at the age of 53.
First and foremost, Noether is remembered in mathematics for algebra and for her work in topology. Physicists appreciate her most for the famous theorem that bears her name, as it has far-reaching consequences for the study of subatomic particles and system dynamics.
Sources:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy_Noether https://hipertextual.com/2015/03/emmy-noether
https://mujeresconciencia.com/2018/12/07/en-homenaje-a-emmy-noether-noethember/